Latrinae. Roman Toilets in the Northwestern Provinces of the Roman Empire, 2017, 152 p. -

This volume presents a selection of papers and case studies first presented at a conference designed to focus on the toilets of the Northwestern provinces of the Roman Empire, taking place at Radboud University on the 1st and 2nd of May 2009. Papers demonstrate the value of scientific analysis of waste to understand the food habits and diseases of the Roman users of the toilet, while elsewhere questions on how to find the necessary expertise and financing for such investigations were raised. It is impossible at this time to write a definitive history of toilets and toilet-use in Roman times. Much more research is needed to get a clear view of all aspects surrounding human waste removal during the Roman period. While the basics of the architectural aspects of Roman toilets are better known by now, other aspects have been only touched upon briefly. It is hoped that this conference and its proceedings volume will not be the last on this subject in the Northwestern provinces, but just a start for this interesting research topic // Sewers or cesspits? Modern assumptions and Roman preferences (G. Jansen) ; The latrine at the Roman fort on the Antonine Wall at Bearsden (D. J. Breeze) ; Flushed with success – a Roman flushing installation in the latrines of the Great Bathhouse of the Colonia Ulpia Traiana near Xanten (D) (N. Zieling) ; The latrines of Roman Aachen (A. Schaub) ; An outhouse in the garden? – Looking at a backyard in the vicus of Bonn (J.-N. Andrikopoulou-Strack, M. Fiedler, C. Höpken) ; A bath with public toilets in the vicus of Bonn (G. White) ; The Roman public toilet of Rottenburg am Neckar (S. Hoss) ; Latrines connected to bathhouses in Germania inferior – an overview (M. Dodt) ; Roman toilets in Nijmegen, Oppidum Batavorum and Ulpia Noviomagus, the Netherlands (E. N.A. Heirbaut) ; Arlon, apport des découvertes récentes dans le vicus à l'examen des latrines gallo-romaines (D. Henrotay) ; A Roman latrine near St. Kolumba in Cologne and its remarkable contents (M. Dodt) ; Latrine pits in the Roman vicus of Vitudurum / Oberwintherthur (Switzerland) (V. Jauch) ; A Roman cesspit from the mid-2nd century with lead price tags in the civil town of Carnuntum (Schloss Petronell/Austria) (B. Petznek) ; Roman chamber pots (B. Petznek) ; A Roman 'Toilet bowl' from Speicher (Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany) (B. Bienert) ; The meaning of stercus in Roman military papyri – dung or human faeces? Or: who is supposed to clean this shit up? (K. Juntunen).